Chapter 2 of AIOU Course Code 1431 covers fundamental concepts of computer systems, including key components and their roles. The chapter explains the five basic operations of a computer, emphasizing how devices like the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Central Processing Unit (CPU) work together for efficient processing. It also discusses volatile and non-volatile memory, highlighting examples such as RAM (volatile) and hard disk (non-volatile) for better understanding.