Input devices help users interact with a computer by converting physical actions into digital data. Common input devices include keyboards for typing, mice for navigation, and scanners for digitizing documents. Specialized devices like barcode readers, MICR, OCR, and OMR are used in businesses and banking. Joysticks and game controllers enhance gaming, while touchscreens provide direct interaction. Modern input methods like voice recognition and biometric scanners improve security and efficiency. These devices are essential for seamless communication between users and computers across various fields.